Work plays a central role in society, so that many people define themselves through their job, which has a strong impact on their self-esteem. Occupational participation strengthens the personality, provides a meaningful daily structure and enables social integration and interaction. In the case of long-term mental illnesses and mental disabilities, however, the opportunities for occupational participation are limited and there is often a risk of job loss or even prolonged unemployment, which makes a return to the general labour market very difficult or even impossible. Therapeutic, vocational training and support services in the field of work and rehabilitation are therefore extremely important for long-term stabilisation. This enables people to integrate and participate in society.

Mentally ill people who require professional support and guidance following hospital treatment are cared for in residential, integration and nursing homes. The forms of housing range from intensive care in special nursing homes, residential units with a high degree of independence, integration housing and outpatient assisted living.